Àå¾ÖÇлý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Bullying ´ëóÇϱâ
(Bullying & Disability Harassment of Students with
Disabilities)
Àå¾Ö¸¦ °¡Áø ÇлýµéÀº bullyingÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ±â ½¬¿ì¸ç ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ½É°¢ÇÑ ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀÔÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
School districtÀº ¿¬¹æ¹ý ¹× Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÁÖ ¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó Àå¾ÖÇлý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µûµ¹¸²°ú Àå¾Ö°ü·Ã ±«·ÓÈûÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ°í ¿¹¹æÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
1. What is Bullying?
-¾ð¾îÀû ±«·ÓÈû (Verbal bullying) : ³î¸®±â, À̸§ ºÎ¸£±â, À§ÇùÇϱâ
-½ÅüÀû ±«·ÓÈû (Physical bullying) : ¶§¸®±â, ¹ß°É±â, Â÷±â, ħ¹ñ±â, ¹Ð±â
-»çȸÀû ±«·ÓÈû(Social bullying) : ¼Ò¹® Æ۶߸®±â, ´ëÀΰü°è Á¶ÀÛÇϱâ,
µ·À̳ª ¹°°Ç ¿ä±¸Çϱâ, Çù¹ÚÇϱâ
-¿Â¶óÀλóÀÇ ±«·ÓÈû(Cyber- bullying) : ¹®ÀÚ³ª ¼Ò¼È ¹Ìµð¾î(ÆäÀ̽ººÏ, À¯Åõºê µî),
À̸ÞÀÏ µîÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¼öÄ¡½É ÁÖ±â
2. Àå¾Ö°ü·Ã ±«·ÓÈû(Disability harassment)À̶õ?
Disability harassment´Â Àå¾Ö Çлý¿¡°Ô Àû´ëÀûÀΠȯ°æÀ» Á¶¼ºÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Çб³ È°µ¿¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í ¼ºñ½º¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¦ÇѽÃÅ°´Â ÇൿÀ» ¸»Çϸç,
½ÅüÀû/¾ð¾îÀû Çд볪 À§Çù µîÀÌ´Ù. Bullying°ú  ´Þ¸® disability harassment´Â ƯÁ¤ ´ë»óÀ» ÇâÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª À§ÇØÀÇ Àǵµ°¡ ¾øÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÏȸ¼º »ç°ÇÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª bullyingÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ Àå¾ÖÀ̰ųª Àå¾ÖÇлýÀ» Ÿ°ÙÀ¸·Î ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó¸é bullyingÀÌ disability harassment°¡ µÈ´Ù.
Disability harassment´Â µ¿·áÇлý, ½ÉÁö¾î ±³»ç³ª ±³Á÷¿ø¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇàÇØÁú ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
3. Bullying & disability harassment¿¡ ´ëÇÑ School districtÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓ
ÀÎÁ¾, ÇǺλö, ±¹Àû, ¼ºº°, Àå¾Ö·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¶Ç·¡ÀÇ ±«·ÓÈûÀÌ Àû´ëÀû ÇнÀȯ°æÀ» Á¶¼ºÇÒ ¸¸Å ½É°¢ÇÏ°í,
±×·± ±«·ÓÈûÀÌ ºÎÃß°ÜÁö¸ç ±³Á÷¿øµéÀÌ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ´ëóÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¹«½ÃÇÒ °æ¿ì school
districtÀº ¿¬¹æ¹ýÀ» À§¹ÝÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ´Â ¹Ì Àå¾ÖÀιý(ADA)°ú Section 504¸¦ À§¹ÝÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸¹Àº ¹ý¿ø ÆÇ°áÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÁÖÀÇ °æ¿ìbullying(cyber-bullying Æ÷ÇÔ)¿¡ °¡´ãÇÑ ÇлýÀº ±³À°±¸ÀÇ superintendent ¶Ç´Â Çб³ÀåÀÇ ÆÇ´Ü ÇÏ¿¡ Á¤ÇÐ(suspended)
¶Ç´Â ÅðÇÐ(expelled)
óºÐÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.  ¸ðµç school districtÀº ±«·ÓÈû ¹æÁöÁ¤Ã¥(anti-bullying policy)À» µµÀÔÇØ¾ß Çϸç, Â÷º°/±«·ÓÈü/Çù¹Ú/µûµ¹¸²°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ ºÒ¸¸À» Á¢¼öÇÏ°í Á¶»çÇÏ´Â complaint processÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á¶»ç ¹× ÇØ°á ÀýÂ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ timelineÀÌ Á¤ÇØÁ® ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ºÎ¸ð°¡ ÇØ°áÃ¥¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì appealÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀýÂ÷µµ ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç ½Å°íÀÚ´Â º¸º¹À» ´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ½Å¿øº¸È£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±³Á÷¿øÀÌ Â÷º°°ú ±«·ÓÈûÀ» ¸ñ°ÝÇßÀ» °æ¿ì ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î °³ÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤Ã¥°ú ÀýÂ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °æ¿ì ¼¸éÀ¸·Î ¿äûÇÏ¿© ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
school districtÀº ¿äûÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿µ¾î°¡ ¸ð±¹¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ °æ¿ì ¹ø¿ªµÈ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
BullyingÀ» ´çÇÑ ÇлýÀÇ ºÎ¸ð´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±³À°±¸·Î ÀüÇÐÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇлýÀÌ ÁÖ¼ÒÁö ±³À°±¸(home district)¿¡¼ ±«·ÓÈûÀ» ´çÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ È®ÀεǸé ÀüÇп¡ ¿ì¼±±ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í ±³À°±¸ °£ Ãâ¼®ÀÎÁ¤À» Ưº°È÷ °í·ÁÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
4. Àڳడ bullyingÀ» ´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ³ª?
Àå¾Ö¸¦ °¡Áø ÇлýµéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ bullyingÀ» ´çÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ÀÎÁöÇÏÁö ¸øÇϴ °æ¿ìµµ Àֱ⿡, ºÎ¸ð°¡ ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í ´ëÈÇϸç Ä£±¸µé°úÀÇ °ü°è¿¡´ëÇØ ¹°¾îº¸´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀÚ³àÀÇ Çൿ, ±âºÐ, ¿Ü¸ð µî¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº º¯È°¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê³ª ÁÖÀDZí°Ô »ìÆ캻´Ù.
-½Ä»ç³ª ¼ö¸éÆÐÅÏÀÇ º¯È
-Á¡¼öÇ϶ô ¶Ç´Â Çо÷¼ºÃë ÀúÇÏ
-¹«´Ü°á¼®, Áö°¢ ¶Ç´Â Çб³¸¦ ȸÇÇÇÏ°í ½È¾îÇϴ ǥÇö.
-½ÅüÀû ´ÙÅùÀÇ ÈçÀûÀ̳ª »óó(º£À̰ųª ¸Û,
Âõ¾îÁø ¿Ê µî)
-¿ì¿ï, ºÒ¾È, ¿Ü·Î¿ò, ³·Àº ÀÚÁ¸°¨
5. IEP¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾î¶»°Ô bullying ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖ³ª?
¸¸¾à Àڳడ Çб³¿¡¼ bullyingÀ» °Þ°í Àְųª ±×·± ÀǽÉÀÌ µç´Ù¸é Çб³¿¡ Áï°¢ ¾Ë·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í IEP ¹ÌÆÃÀ» ¿äûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. IEP ¹ÌÆÃÀº ±³»ç³ª ±³Á÷¿ø°ú bullying¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³íÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ±âȸÀÌ´Ù.
ºÎ¸ð°¡ º¸±â¿¡ bullyingÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ Á¤¼/»çȸÀûÀÎ ¾È³ç°ú Çо÷¼ºÃë¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ Á¤¼Àû »óÅ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡¸¦ ¼¸éÀ¸·Î ¿äûÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. IEPÆÀ¿¡¼ bullyingÀÌ ¹ÌÄ£ ¿µÇâÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§ ÀÌ Æò°¡°á°ú¸¦ È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
IEP ¹ÌÆÿ¡¼´Â bullying
¶Ç´Â disability harassment·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ±³À°¿¡ ÁöÀåÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹«»óÀûÁ¤°ø±³À°(FAPE)À» À§ÇØ IEP¿¡¼ bullying
¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ê ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» °Á¶ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Bullying¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯°¡Áö ¸ñÇ¥, ÁßÀç, ÆíÀÇÁ¦°ø, ¼ºñ½º µîÀ» IEP¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ¿¹°¡ ÀüºÎ´Â ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, IEP´Â °¢ ÇлýÀÇ °³º°ÀûÀÎ ÇÊ¿ä¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ¸ñÀû°ú ¼ºñ½º µîÀÌ ¼³°èµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
  -Building social
skills (»çȸÀû ±â¼ú Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°±â)
ÀûÀýÇÑ »çȸÀû »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀº ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌÁö, ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë°ú ±«·ÓÈû ÇൿÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¹è¿î´Ù.
±«·ÓÈûÀ» ´çÇÏ´Â Çлýµé Áß¿¡´Â bullying ÀÌ ¿ÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇൿÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸ð¸£´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ°í,
bullying ¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ø°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â Çлýµéµµ ÀÖ´Ù. 
  -Developing positive
interpersonal relationships (±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ´ëÀΰü°è ¹ßÀü½ÃÅ°±â)
±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ´ëÀΰü°è¿Í ¿ìÁ¤À» ¹ßÀü½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇлýµéÀº ÀڽۨÀ» °®°í bullying¿¡ Àß ´ëóÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ´õ ³ô´Ù.
  -Developing
self-advocacy skills (Àڱ⠿ËÈ£ ±â¼ú Å°¿ì±â)
Bullying¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °¡·É ¾ðÁ¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾î¸¥¿¡°Ô ¾Ë¸± °ÍÀÎÁö,
¡°ÇÏÁö¸¶, stop¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çϱ⠶Ǵ ½ºÆ®·¹½º »óȲ¿¡¼ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁö°Å³ª ȸÇÇÇϱ⠵î
  -Supervision or
separation from bullies (°ü¸®°¨µ¶ ¶Ç´Â ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â ¾ÆÀ̵é·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®½ÃÅ°±â)
IEP accommodationÀ» ÅëÇØ Çб³½ºÅÇÀÌ ÇлýÀ» ¸ð´ÏÅÍÇѴٰųª, °¡±îÀÌ µû¶ó´Ù´Ï°Å³ª(shadow), ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â ¾ÆÀ̵é·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®½ÃÅ°°Å³ª ½ºÆ®·¹½º »óȲÀ̳ª ȯ°æÀ» ȸÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÆíÀǸ¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(°¡·É º¹µµ³ª ¹ö½º µÞÁ¼® µî).
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ÀÚÃ¥ÇÏ°Ô Çϰųª, Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô Á¦ÇÑµÈ È¯°æ¿¡ ¸ô¾Æ³Ö°Å³ª, ¶Ç·¡µé°úÀÇ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ü°è¸¦ ¸ÎÀ» ±âȸ±îÁö »¯Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
  -Counseling or other
supportive services (»ó´ã ¶Ç´Â ±âŸ Áö¿ø ¼ºñ½º)
School psychologist³ª ±³»ç, Ä«¿î½½·¯, ±³Àå µî ÇлýÀÌ bullyingÀ» ´çÇÒ ¶§ µµ¿òÀ» ¿äûÇØ¾ß ÇÒ »ç¶÷µé°ú »ó´ãÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
  -Parent counseling and
training (Çкθð »ó´ã ¹× ±³À°)
ºÎ¸ð°¡ ÀÚ³àÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ Çʿ並 ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í IEP°¡ Àß ½ÇÇàµÇµµ·Ï Çù·ÂÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿ª·®À» Å°¿î´Ù.
  -Educating school
staff and/or peers (±³Á÷¿ø ¹× ¶Ç·¡Çлý ±³À°)
Çб³ÀÇ bullying
policy³ª ¹®Á¦ÇØ°á ÀýÂ÷ µî¿¡ °üÇØ ±³Á÷¿øÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ±³À°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇлýÀÇ Àå¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇصµ¿Í ¹Î°¨¼ºÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ ±³À°ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
6. School districtÀÌ Àå¾ÖÇлýÀ» bullyingÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸È£ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ì ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀýÂ÷¿¡´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ³ª?
Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÁÖÀÇ °æ¿ì Â÷º°,
±«·ÓÈû, À§Çù, bullying µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÃæ ¹× ºÒ¸¸¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°í °øÁ¤ÇÑ ÇØ°áÃ¥À» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ °¢ ±³À°±¸°¡ Uniform Complaint Procedures(UCP,
ÅëÇÕºÒ¸¸Ã³¸®ÀýÂ÷)¸¦ äÅÃÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.  ±³À°±¸´Â Çлý, Çкθð, Á÷¿ø µî¿¡°Ô ±× Áö¿ªÀÇ ºÒ¸¸Ã³¸® ÀýÂ÷¿Í ´ã´çÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¾ç½Ä(complaint form)À» Á¦°øÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÇлýÀ̳ª Çкθð´Â bullyingÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇ߰ųª ±× »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ ³¯·ÎºÎÅÍ 6°³¿ù ³»¿¡ ±³À°±¸¿¡ ºÒ¸¸À» Á¦±âÇÒ(file a complaint) ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºÒ¸¸À» Á¢¼öÇÑÁö
60ÀÏ À̳»¿¡ ±³À°±¸´Â Á¶»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í °á°ú¸¦ ¼¸éÀ¸·Î ¸¶·ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¸¸¾à School
district¿¡¼ Ư¼ö±³À°¹ýÀ̳ª ÀýÂ÷¸¦ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê°Å³ª IEP¿¡¼ ÇÕÀÇµÈ »çÇ×À» ÀÌÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì,
±×¸®°í Çкθ𰡠±³À°±¸ÀÇ °á·Ð¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì Çкθð´Â ¼¸é°á°ú¸¦ ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ 15ÀÏ À̳»¿¡ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ±³À°ºÎ(CDE California Department
of Education)¿¡ appealÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ±³À°ºÎ »êÇÏ Office for Civil Rights(OCR)¿¡ Àå¾Ö¿Í °ü·ÃÇÑ ±³À° Â÷º°¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÒ¸¸À» Á¦±âÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/cp/uc/
 
http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/di/eo/complaint.asp
https://www.disabilityrightsca.org/
* ÇѹÌƯ¼ö±³À°¼¾ÅÍ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ sample letter¸¦ ã¾Æº¸½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
https://www.kasecca.org/specialist/list